Comparison of IgG Against COVID-19 Between Postmenopausal and Nonmenopausal Women Vaccinated With Sinopharm Vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease has spread among the people of the world. Past studies have shown that viral diseases are more common and the immune response is stronger among menopausal women than nonmenopausal women. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the amount of immunoglobulin (Ig)G against COVID-19 between postmenopausal and nonmenopausal women vaccinated with Sinopharm vaccine. METHODS: In this case-control study, 90 females vaccinated with the Sinopharm vaccine were randomly selected from February to April 2022: 45 menopausal participants as the case group and 45 nonmenopausal controls. Demographic characteristics were obtained and blood samples were taken from all subjects. A complete blood count was carried out and the levels of IgG against COVID-19 were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The mean age was 33.3 ±â€…7.3 years and 60.2 ±â€…7.02 years for control and menopausal women, respectively. A significant difference was found between the 2 groups for the levels of IgG antibodies against COVID-19 (P = .002, 17.2 ±â€…9.83 relative unit for case group and 10.2 ±â€…9.80 relative unit for control subjects). After adjusting, IgG against COVID-19 was significantly correlated to the menopausal state (odds ratio [confidence interval] = 1. 08 [1.03-1. 15]; P = .003). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that menopausal women had higher levels of IgG against COVID-19 in comparison with nonmenopausal females. However, more complementary studies are needed in this regard.

A Multivariate Analysis Model of Changes in Some Laboratory Parameters in Response to COVID-19, Diabetes, Gender, and Age.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in some laboratory parameters in response to four independent variables (COVID-19, diabetes, gender, and age) using univariate and multivariate analysis. METHODS: We measured WBC (neutrophil and lymphocytes), RBC and platelet counts, and hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, IL-2, IL-4, and vitamin D3 levels in 30 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 and in 30 healthy people in terms of COVID-19. The population was divided into groups based on each of the variables of age, gender, COVID-19, and type 2 diabetes. Then they were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis of logistic regression. RESULTS: Based on CBC data, leukocytosis (in 70% of COVID-19 patients, 61.1% of diabetic patients, and 70.9 ± 18 years old), neutrophilia (in 73.3% of patients with COVID-19, 61.1% of diabetic patients, and 66 ± 18.6 years old), neutropenia (in 6.7% of patients with COVID-19, 27.8% of diabetic patients, and 33.6 ± 12.7 years old), lymphocytosis (10% of patients with COVID-19, 33.3% of diabetic patients, and 35.4 ± 15.5 years old), and lymphocytopenia (in 76.7% of patients with COVID-19, 66.7% of diabetic patients, and 67.1 ± 18.8 years old) were observed in the population. The elderly and those with COVID-19 had significant abnormal RBC and platelet counts. Increased LDH and CRP levels and abnormal hemoglobin level were related to elderly, COVID-19, and diabetes conditions. Although the levels of IL-2 and -4 were significant in patients with COVID-19 and elderly; however, the changes were not significant in diabetic patients. Changes in serum vitamin D levels were not significant in any of the sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, abnormal counts of RBCs and platelets, the elevated levels of LDH and CRP, and abnormal hemoglobin levels in blood are considered as poor prognostic factors for COVID-19.